I wrote this thesis review in March 2007 to help validate the creative writing thesis of Bikolano poet and Kabulig-Bikol President, Estelito "Esting" B. Jacob. During his graduation, Esting was awarded Excellence in Oral Defense.
MGA NIRUKITDUKIT: ESTELITO B. JACOB’S POETICS & BIKOL POETRY AS ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION TO PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
(A Thesis Review)
By Rizaldy M. Manrique
I. Who should engage in a Creative Writing Thesis?
I commend the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Nueva Caceres for their bold efforts to recognize and support the literary movement to resurrect and preserve Vernacular Literature, specifically Bikol Literature. In my view, by initially approving the thesis proposal of Estelito Jacob to submit a collection of Bikol poems (i.e., written in the Bikol language) accompanied by his poetics or personal narration of his evolution as Bikolano writer (to be written in the English language) and ultimately giving him the green light after his title defense, we are actually breaking new grounds. I believe that Estelito Jacob’s Thesis in MA in English Major in Literature entitled MGA NIRUKITDUKIT: Woven Words for Bikol (Forty Poems 1999-2006) will have a positive impact on the academic as well as literary community here in the Bikol Region.
But, having said this, I think it is equally important that we should be careful in laying out the rules and objectives in the making or production of such creative writing thesis. It is important that as early as now we establish the framework and objectives of an MA Thesis that deals with the production of contemporary Bikol Literature. Otherwise, we will open a Pandora’s box. Picture this: What if in the near or distant future, a UNC MA candidate, approaches a thesis adviser and announces that he also wants to make a collection of, let’s say, short stories in Bikol accompanied by his poetics written in the English language (50-75 pages) which will serve as introduction. Now, assuming that this particular MA candidate’s stories are NOT well-written, assuming that his fiction are NOT on par with the kind of contemporary literature being produced by modern Bikol writers, how could the thesis adviser justify that he is not qualified to engage in such thesis?
To ensure that an MA candidate is ready and qualified to tackle a creative writing thesis, I suggest that the MA candidate must first satisfy several (not all) of the following requirements:
1) Show proof that he has published his literary works in local, national or international publications
2) Must have attended at least one or two local or national writing workshop.
3) Must have won major awards in local and national writing literary contests
4) Must be an active member of a literary organization and show some basic knowledge of trends in contemporary Philippine Writing.
5) Must have attended local and national seminars on literature and writing.
6) Must show proof of works-in-progress or PARTIAL body of works before actual thesis proposal and writing (e.g., 20 or more poems, 4 or more stories, 3 or more one-act plays, 30 or more pages of a novel)
The literary quality of an MA candidate’s creative body of works is pivotal to the approval of his thesis topic.
Obviously, Estelito Jacob satisfies ALL requirements. I will not enumerate his achievements here. Let me just say that his track record as creative writer is impressive. He has innumerable published works, he attended local and national writing workshops, won in both local and national literary contests, popularized Bikol Literature through public poetry readings and he is currently the president of Kabulig-Bikol.
His passion for Bikol Writing and Literature is contagious. He is arguably one of the pillars of the renaissance of contemporary Bikol Writing. Estelito Jacob personifies the MA candidate who should be allowed or given the opportunity to engage in a creative writing thesis.
II. What Graduate Thesis is All About: The Significance of Esting Jacob’s Poetics
What is a Thesis? The distinguishing mark of graduate research or thesis is an original contribution to knowledge. It is a document whose purpose is to prove that you have made an original contribution to knowledge. Failure to prove that you have made such a contribution generally leads to failure. Hence, your thesis must show two important things: 1) you have identified a worthwhile problem or question which has not been previously answered 2) you have solved the problem or answered the question. Your contribution to knowledge generally lies in your solution or answer/explanation.
What is Poetics? Here are 3 dictionary definitions: 1. basic principles of poetry: the literary or philosophical study of the basic principles, forms, and techniques of poetry, or of imaginative writing in general (takes a singular verb) 2. or (plural po·et·ics) treatise on poetry: a treatise on the nature or principles of poetry 3. way of composing poem: the art or technique of writing poetry (takes a plural verb)
After reading Jacob’s 55-page Poetics or Autobiographical Essay (take note: it’s also a scholarly paper) I gathered that essentially, he is answering several questions, not necessarily in this order :
1) How do you write good poetry?
2) How do you write good Bikol poetry?
3) Why do I (Estelito Jacob) write Bikol poetry and promote Bikol Writing or Vernacular Literature?
4) What is my creative process?
5) How did I (Estelito Jacob) become a poet and evolve into the kind of poet that I am now?
To my mind, although not categorically stated in the thesis, these are the 5 questions that pervade his Poetics. Simple? Well, it looks easy, but, I assure you, the actual writing is no walk in the park. To understand his motivation for writing, to understand his own creative process and the craft of poetry, to travel back in time through memory and re-trace his growth as writer, I bet that Jacob spent many sleepless nights in order to give honest answers to these questions. Bottom-line, Jacob is confronted with the most fundamental and daunting question any serious writer must answer: Why do I write poetry and for whom do I write? A philosopher once said, “Know thyself”. This is probably one of the most difficult questions a human being must face.
And because Jacob, like any self-respecting author, is always in search of the truth, he does not flinch in answering such question. He reveals to us his secrets. He narrates to us his love for painting in high school which actually put him in trouble and nearly caused his expulsion from Ateneo de Naga High School. He confesses his dislike for English subjects during the early years of high school because he was not good at it. That it was initially out of fear of Mr. Abonal, the principal who gave him a chance to stay in Ateneo, that made him seriously study his English class. Later, however, he begins to enjoy the class of the inspiring Mr. Abonal. This appreciation for high school English Literature eventually encouraged him to pursue an Education degree Major in English…
The 55-page Poetics, is not your typical thesis format. The traditional format follows this generic pattern: 1. Introduction 2. Background Information (optional) 3. Review of Related Literature 4. Research Question or Problem Statement 5. Describing How You Solved the Problem or Answered the Question 6. Conclusions
For me, this posits no problem. I believe this is just a matter of style or format in thesis writing. I believe that the more important question the panel of advisers must ask is: Did Jacob show scholarship in his Poetics? After 2 or 3 years of finishing his rigorous academic training, was he able to display scholarship in his thesis? By scholarship I mean he must be able to show a certain degree of knowledge on Literary Theories, Philippine and World Literature, The Significance of Vernacular Writing and Literature, Contemporary Filipino, American and British Authors, The Elements of a good poem, story, novel, and of course, Proficiency in the English language.
We must remember the philosophy and objectives of the academic program MA in English Major in Literature. Our students in this program are generally high school and college English and Literature teachers. Our objective is to give them expertise in the teaching of English and Literature courses.
In my opinion, this is the rationale of the inclusion of Jacob’s Poetics in his thesis. I strongly suggest that a creative writing thesis must always be accompanied by a discussion of the Poetics of the writer. Naturally, because this is an MA Program in English, the Poetics must be written in the English language. The writing of the Poetics will show the extent of knowledge of the MA candidate’s chosen literary genre.
So, did Jacob show scholarship in his Poetics or Autobiographical Essay? My answer is in the affirmative. Apart from his own epiphanies about his own creative process, he quotes contemporary Filipino poets like Cirilo Bautista, Leoncio Deriada, Ricky De Ungria, Marne Kilates, Alice Sun-Cua, Rio Alma, Ben Santos and Edith Tiempo. Among Bikol scholars, he used as reference the works of Paz Verdades Santos, James O. Brien, Luis General Jr., Malcom Mintz and Jose Britanico. His friendship and conversations of Bikol writers like Frank Penones, Rudy Alano, Luis Cabalquinto, Honesto Pesimo, Jr., Kristian Cordero, Nino Manaog and others, serve as a sort of informal interview which give him insights into his own writing process. Among foreign authors he cited Donald Hall, Kim Addonizzio and Dorianne Laux, Scott Edelstein etc.
I am convinced he used relevant and updated sources. Jacob has done his assignment, he is in good company. The mere act of choosing who to include as reference in your thesis is already a reflection of the working knowledge of a thesis writer...
III. Nirukitdukit’s Relevance and Contribution to Philippine Literature
What is Philippine Literature? Simply put, it is literature written by Filipinos which employ either Spanish, English, Filipino and the Vernacular languages of the Republic of the Philippines.
According to Isagani Cruz (2000):
The rise of postcolonial literary theories and their variants: minority
discourse, multiculturalism, and the like, has occasioned a re-examination
of the role of oppression or hegemony (gahum in Philippine literary
critcism) among and within national literatures. Philippine literary
history, from the very beginning, has recognized the crucial influence
–admittedly sometimes beneficial but also undeniably often detrimental – of
foreign cultures brought into the country by political oppresors, particularly Spain and the United States of America. Only recently, however, has internal colonization, sometimes called “Manilacentrism” been identified as key negative factor in the development of a Filipino national literary tradition.
I believe it is in the same spirit that the Commission On Higher Education (CHED) issued MEMORANDUM ORDER No. 59, Series of 1996 titled “New General Education Curriculum (GEC)”. According to this guideline:
Literature One (or the first literature subject) must cover the “Literatures of
the Philippines” and should focus on the literatures of all regions of the
Philippines, whether written in native or foreign languages from the
beginning of Philippine History to the present. Care should be taken to
ensure adequate attention to literary texts and authors outside the National
Capital Region.
The CHED therefore has institutionalized the teaching and production of Vernacular Literature. In fact, it encourages scholars and writers from the various Philippine Regions to write, produce and update their body of works.
Apparently, Jacob’s Mga Nirukitdukit, will contribute a great deal to this progressive undertaking. As far as I know, several college Professors here in Bikol, have begun teaching Jacob’s Bikol poetry to their students.
I believe Jacob has written around 300 Bikol poems. His poetry has inspired me to craft my own Bikol poems. His dedication to preserve the Bikol language through his beautiful and lyrical poetry is inspiring. I submit that his MA Thesis MGA NIRUKITDUKIT: Woven Words for Bikol (Forty Poems 1999-2006) is original, relevant and groundbreaking.












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